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- Figure 8.1. Relationships among Union external competences
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- Figure 8.2. ERTA exclusivity via internal legislation
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- Figure 8.3. Treaty-making procedure according to Article 218
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- Figure 8.4. Pure versus mixed agreements
Part II
Governmental Powers
8. External Powers: Competence and Procedures
- 1. Constitutional History: From Paris To Lisbon
- 2. Constitutional Nature: A Federation Of States
- 3. Governmental Structure: Union Institutions I
- 4. Governmental Structure: Union Institutions II
- 5. European Law I: Nature—Direct Effect
- 6. European Law II: Nature—Primacy/Pre-emption
- 7. Legislative Powers: Competence and Procedures
- 8. External Powers: Competence and Procedures
- 9. Executive Powers: Competence and Procedures
- 10. Judicial Powers I: (Centralized) European Procedures
- 11. Judicial Powers II: (Decentralized) National Procedures
- 12. Limiting Powers: EU Fundamental Rights
- 13. Free Movement of Goods I: Negative Integration
- 14. Free Movement of Goods II: Positive Integration
- 15. Free Movement of Persons: Workers and Beyond
- 16. Free Movement of Services and Capital
- 17. Competition Law: Private Undertakings
- 18. Internal Policies: An Overview
- 19. External Policies: An Overview
- 20. Epilogue: Brexit and the Union: Past, Present, Future
- 21. Appendix: How to Study European Law
- 22. Extra chapter: Competition Law II: State Interferences